Austrian School Cost Essay Example for Free

Austrian School Cost Essay Our practices and choices in our day by day lives are influenced by financial aspects. When deciding, we will utilize monetary hypotheses either deliberately or subliminal to choose if we will settle on or dismiss that choice. The equivalent can likewise be utilized to clarify our activities and practices when settling on a financial choice to buy a house. This paper will assess how financial matters influence one’s choice to buy another house. To start with, the choice to buy another house is viewed as a huge and significant choice by many. This is on the grounds that the costs of houses are typically extremely high, and along these lines buying another house will significantly drain the reserve funds of a person. The interest of houses is exceptionally value versatile. Financial hypotheses express that the bigger the extent of salary a specific buy requires, the more value versatile the interest will be. On account of the acquisition of another house, it will require the spending of a huge extent of a normal person’s salary, subsequently this will extraordinarily bring down the buying intensity of the person when the choice is made to buy the house. Besides, purchasing another house will expect individuals to move from a recognizable domain to a less natural condition and this can be a groundbreaking encounter which might be frightening to a few. Thus, these are altogether factors which make the acquisition of another house a troublesome choice to make. There are different standards of financial matters that can be applied to a choice to buy another house. Initial, one of the standards will be that of exchange offs which individuals need to confront. Each choice includes some significant downfalls. For this situation, the choice to buy another house will drain individuals of a huge extent of their investment funds. The tradeoffs which they face will be choices which they get the chance to appreciate with a similar measure of cash. For instance, a similar measure of cash spent on another house can be utilized on sending a kid to college, going on an extended vacation or buying another vehicle. I need to recall despite the fact that the APR’s might be low and I have my initial installment or regardless of whether I am utilizing HUD as a first time purchaser to wipe out shutting cost or no expenses at all there may in any case be one relying upon my circumstance. Buying another house is a major advance the monetary piece of if as well as the zone I picked and the economy now and time. I should think ahead to how the economy will be presently and later, just as the lodging zone I picked. Will the area be a decent decision for my children, and will my home be a savvy interest as far as effectiveness and value? I have to decide whether a downturn will put my choice in buying a home an inappropriate opportunity to purchase. A downturn could cause employment lose and no salary to pay my home loan or in any event, putting me in default to apply for a new line of credit on my home. Taking a credit on my home to get by would make me pay twofold for my home and never really own it. Tradeoffs are significant when buying another home since you must be happy to surrender random things to get where u need to be, additional costs are not a smart thought when buying another home.

The Young Turks Essay Example For Students

The Young Turks Essay Through my examination, of the sites and book recorded in progress refered to area of my paper, I have discovered that the Young Turks have been a significant piece of Turkish and Armenian history. The youthful Turks were an alliance of change bunches that drove a progressive development against the Ottoman Empires Sultan Abdulhamid the Second. They contradicted him as a result of the outright force he had, and in light of the fact that they needed to wipe out remote impact, and to reestablish Turkish pride. The Young Turks development was begun in the Imperial Medical school of Istanbul. In Istanbul it spread to different schools including the military foundations. When Abdulhamid the Second, the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, scholarly of their plot against him he ousted the understudies. The Young Turks fled to different urban communities in Europe. It was here that the arrangements for their unrest occurred. A significant Young Turk was Ahmed Riza, who was a piece of the Committee of Union and Progress, which was a compelling Young Turk association. He pushed for a solid focal government and he was against all remote impact. At the point when the Young Turks came to control these thoughts were significant in their approaches. We will compose a custom article on The Young Turks explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The upheaval happened when malcontented individuals from the Ottomans Army, the Committee of Union and Progress, and another gathering called the League of Private Initiative and Decentralization all consented to cooperate. The revolt occurred in 1908. Ahmed Niyazi an individual from the Third Army Corps drove a little rebel against commonplace specialists; different progressives holding revolts that were propelled by Ahmed’s followed this. Since the Sultan couldn't depend on his military to help him he reviewed parliament and in 1913 the triumvirate of Talat Pasa, Ahmed Cemel Pasa, and Enver Pasa picked up power. Under the triumvirate the Young Turks significant changes occurred. Their changes prompted an increasingly unified government; they advanced industrialization, and improved training. The Young Turks lost force in 1918. Planning to increase political force they participate on World War One on the Germans, and the Central Powers. They did this reasoning Germany had a predominant armed force. At the point when the Young Turks acknowledged thrashing was coming they surrendered their capacity and the Ottomans wound up marking the Armistice of Mudros finishing Turkey’s contribution in the war. The Young Turks are critical to Armenian history in light of the treatment the Armenians got under their influence. The Young Turks lectured collaboration among themselves and the minority bunches in Turkey before they picked up power. At the point when the Young Turks took control they didn't follow their thoughts of participation. In 1913 at the city of Adana 30,000 Armenians were murdered. At the point when World War One broke out the Young Turks took a gander at it as an ideal chance to discard, what they took a gander at as an issue, Armenians. The administration deliberately attempted to dispense with the Armenians. Armenian pioneers were executed. The rest had to move into the deserts of Syria, Arabia, and Mesopotamia. During these walks numerous Armenians were whipped to death, consumed, bayoneted, covered alive in pits, suffocated in streams, guillotined, assaulted, kidnapped into collections of mistresses, or essentially passed on of weariness. This massacre, led by the You ng Turks, ended the lives of 1.5 million Armenians.Bibliography:Works CitedBalakian, Peter. Dark Dog of Fate. New York: Broadway Books, 1997. CedarLand. 20 Febuary 2001. The Armenian Genocide. 20 Febuary 2001http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Parliament/2587/armenia.htmlEncyclopedia Britanica. 20 February 2001. Youthful Turks. 20 February 2001

Literacy in India Essay

In today’s point of view, proficiency doesn't mean about the composition and perusing capacities as it were. It has increased a more extensive importance. It professes to direct individuals towards mindfulness and the change which is required so as to accomplish a superior method for living. The National Literacy Mission was set up by Govt. of India on May fifth, 1988 with the expect to destroy lack of education from the nation. The focused on bunch for the equivalent was individuals having a place with the age gathering of 15 to 35 years. The education pace of India has been recorded 64. 84% (2001 registration) against 52. 21% in 1991. It has been expanded by over 12% in 10 years. Likewise, the proficiency rate should associate with 70-72% before the finish of 2010 (As assessed by National Sample Survey). In any case, the objective is yet to be accomplished totally (I. e. to acquire 100% proficiency). Right to training is one of the crucial rights for the individuals. Training for everything is the strategic UNESCO that must be accomplished by 2015. As of now, India falls beneath the limit level of education rate I. e. 75%. The National Literacy Mission Authority has been attempting to accomplish its objective since its foundation. NLMA (National Literacy Mission Authority) works under the service of Human Resource and Development. The Govt. of India has propelled a few plans to accomplish the objectives of NLM. The underlying objective for NLM was to concentrate on the individuals having a place with the age gathering of 15 to 25 years. There were 80 million individuals falling under this age gathering. It was a major test to address such a tremendous parcel of individuals about proficiency and its advantages. As it were, it was very not the same as all innovation based or financial missions. It was considered as a social strategic all and that caused NLM to make the progress. The other critical factor was the political will of pioneers at various levels around then. The government officials and civil servants comprehended the significance of this strategic it has increased an entire hearted accomplishment in a few states viz. Kerala, Tamilnadu, Rajasthan, Manipur and so on. The thought was to persuade individuals about their dynamic interest, activation of social powers. Before long it turned into a national accord. On account of the commercials, sharpening of nearby pioneers and people’s investment. Given underneath are a portion of the pioneers of progress for National Literacy Mission: Literacy battles have been propelled in right around 600 areas of India. The authorized items should cover 150 a great many neo-literates. 125 million individuals have just been made educated under this crucial. Female investment (60%) is superior to the male support (40%). No. of volunteers have been expanded essentially to advance the program and help the network. One of the greatest trait of education strategic to invigorate the whole network for putting the confidence that learning and proficiency ought to turn into the indispensable piece of their lives. The technique for activity has been to manufacture and create on condition which is useful to learn by the networks through their customs and culture.

Comparison of Paintings - Free Essay Example

Leonardo Da Vinci, who painted ‘Madonna of the Rocks’ in 1485, was very interested in science. He did various studies of plants, water and even controversial studies of the human anatomy where he cut open the deceased to see how the inside of the body works. All this was to provide the perfect naturalistic painting. In the painting ‘Madonna of the rocks’ his study of water can be seen in Mary’s hair and there is numerous plants and rocks that he studied. Leonardo was the inventor of ‘blue air’ or aerial perspective where things got smaller the further away they were and eventually covered in a veil of mist. This shows Leonardo’s observation of nature in his quest of perfect beauty. The reason he wanted perfect beauty was because the Renaissance was the rebirth of classical ideas, which was beauty and order. In the painting ‘Tribute Money’ by Masaccio a way that science can be seen is with the naturalism in the background. This painting is a step up from medieval paintings that had gold gilding in the background. Masaccio has actually studied real landscapes and has observed nature closely. In both paintings there is a large variation of different people, which is individualism which was a part of humanism. You can see the rebirth of classical ideas in the drapery of the figures, except the tax collector is wearing the clothes of the time this was painted which was around 1425-27. The architecture has linear perspective which was written about in a theory by a 15th century writer called Alberti. The painting has a story within it, because a lot of people at the time were illiterate and this was the churches way to teach their story. In ‘Madonna of the Rocks’ the figures are very realistic and beautiful that they would evoke worship since the people couldn’t read the bible. Both paintings were done in Florence which was the center of the western world, it was between trading countries and so was extremely rich and with wealth they were able to commission more art for the newly built villars and cathedrals. The artists were not just laborers but some of the greatest minds.

Is Cancer A Genetic Disease - 2353 Words

Introduction Cancer is one of the oldest genetic diseases known to man. Since the evolution of mitosis as a means for cell division and the development of multicellular eukaryotes - like humans and their biological progenitors - mutations in normal cell maturation and proliferation have resulted in various types of cancers, some benign but many of which exhibit great malignancy (Hajdu, 2011). Cancer, and one of its more common forms carcinoma, is characterized as a genetic disease where by mutations - often caused by environmental stressors such as chemical or radiation exposure - in the development of epithelial cells lead to abnormal growth, either in terms of size or abundance. This abnormal uncontrolled growth is known as neoplasia (Rock Hogan, 2011). Carcinoma cells can develop by other methods however, anaplasia for example is the process by which normally mature differentiated cells begin to lose their form and resemble immature cells lacking proper function, becoming irrespo nsive to normal stimuli (Scatena, 2011). Dysplasia is similar in that it consists of a proliferation of immature often undifferentiated cells, eventually outnumbering the number of mature cells as they re removed by the process of apoptosis - programmed cell death (Wang, 2010). Eventually the neoplasm, or anaplastic cells, can replace normal tissue; as apoptosis of cancer cells is non-functioning, the development of a large tumour can inhibit the functionality of healthy organs and theirShow MoreRelatedWhy Is Cancer A Genetic Disease?1765 Words   |  8 PagesBackground: Mrs. Jones has recently been diagnosed with stomach cancer. She has begun treatment but is curious about why cancer is a genetic disease. She has tried to understand what the doctors are saying and has even done some research herself but remains confused. Below is the conversation. Nurse: Good afternoon Mrs. Jones. I know earlier you were hoping to sit down and discuss why cancer is a genetic disease. I have some time now if you would like to discuss it? Mrs. Jones- Why yes that wouldRead MoreRole Of Cancer As A Genetic Disease2893 Words   |  12 PagesCase Study: BIOT 635 Prahelika Reddy ROLE OF ONCOGENES IN CANCER RESEARCH 1. Introduction The idea that development of cancer as a genetic disease was first postulated by Cavenee et al and developed by Fearon and Vogelstein. According to COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer) database, the current list of known somatic genetic mutations leading to cancer is 522. Genes which undergo mutations leading to cancer can be classified into two groups - Proto-Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor genesRead MoreLung Cancer : A Genetic And Acquired Disease2073 Words   |  9 PagesLung cancer is a genetic and acquired disease. Lung cancer is genetic because cancer in general is caused by changes to the genes that control the way our cells function, especially how they grow and divide. All of these changes include mutations in the DNA that makes up our genes. Genetic changes that increase cancer risk can be inherited from our parents, if the changes are presents in germ cells. Which are the reproductive cells of the body, those are the eggs and the sperm. Lung cancer is alsoRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Complex And Heterogeneous Disease Caused By Genetic Mutations782 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease caused by both genetic and non-genetic risk factors. These factors include, mutations in breast cancer-associated genes 1 and 2 (BRCA1 and BRCA2) [1]; loss or aberrant expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) [2]; human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) overexpression [3] ; lack of ER, progesterone receptor (PR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression[4] ; high levels of receptor for the insulin-like growth factor receptorRead MoreEssay On Being Cautious About Cancer758 Words   |  4 PagesCautious About Cancer An informative article by: Nelson Burke Introduction Disease is defined as a disordered or incorrectly functioning organ, part, structure, or system of the body resulting from the effect of genetic or developmental errors, infection, poisons, nutritional deficiency or imbalance, toxicity, or unfavorable environmental factors; illness; sickness; ailment. Simplified, disease is when something goes wrong with the body of an organism due to either a genetic, or externalRead More72 New Gene Mutation Essay1074 Words   |  5 Pages72 New Genetic Mutations Linked to Hereditary Breast Cancer According to the National Cancer Institute, invasive breast cancer affects approximately 1 in 8 U.S. women, and about 5% to 10% of all breast cancers are hereditary. At present, most people are familiar with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, which are inherited gene mutations—or abnormalities in the DNA sequencing—that increase the risk of developing breast cancer. According to statistics from the National Cancer Institute, by age 70Read MoreGenetic Markers : A Genetic Marker1641 Words   |  7 Pagesunattainable without genetic markers. In everyone there are certain markers that can allow a geneticist to determine a person’s medical future, certain medicines work with some genetic markers and not with others. Many genes are linked to certain diseases and allow a geneticist to possibly prevent diseases. A genetic marker is a DNA sequence with a known specific location on the chromosome, they can be a great indicator for genetic disorders and any other hereditary diseases. Genetic markers are alsoRead MoreThe Genetic Disorder of Down Syndrome1238 Words   |  5 Pagescase of genetic disorder. There are so many all over in the world and many doctors still don’t even know what to call them. Some don’t even know they have a disease in them till its too late, or other know all there lives and some learn to live with the diseas e and others live every day in fear of getting even more sick and hurt. Genetic disorders are very common some more than others. Its all has to do with our 46 chromosomes. Genetic disorders can occur to anyone. Many people believe genetic disordersRead MoreUnit Title: Biochemistry Of Nucleic Acids.(A.C. 5.1 And1583 Words   |  7 Pagescalled histone (American cancer society 2014). According to Cancer Research UK (2014) DNA by itself is made up of thousands of genes, which are a coded message that tell the cell how to behave and divide. As such if the signals are missing, cells replicate excessively and mutate, forming a tumour, and later, a primary cancer (American cancer society 2014). Figure 1.1. Mutation of the DNA leads to severe diseases such as cancer. (Midhath 2012) Read MoreMerrill Syndrome : Lynch Syndrome1358 Words   |  6 Pages Lynch Syndrome Lynch Syndrome In 2015, 132,700 people will be diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) and 49,700 people will die from the disease (ACS, 2015). According to the CDC, 1 in 30 cases of colorectal cancer can be attributed to Lynch syndrome (CDC, 2015). Using figures from 2015, that would be 3,981 new colorectal diagnoses related to Lynch syndrome. Livstone (2014) states, â€Å"Patients with one of several known mutations have a 70 to 80% lifetime risk of developing

Child Labor Essay - 2814 Words

Child Labor Child labor is one of the biggest issues around the world because it puts children in danger, it deprives them of an education, it is widespread and its often hidden or invisible especially in agriculture, big industries and mines especially in poor countries. In this document of child labor its explained what the meaning of child labor is, why it exists, also why it is so widespread in poor countries. There are also examples of children working in deplorable conditions. This document also discusses the reason why parents send or allow their children to work in an environment as a result it finally mentions the possible solutions to end child labor. Child labor is morally†¦show more content†¦These children harvest and cultivate coffee. Some children harvest bananas, sugar cane, sisal, tobacco, oranges, and other fruits and vegetables. They get up early to work in the damp and cold. Often barefoot inadequately dressed, they develop chronic coughs. They are exposed to the elements, risks bites from snakes and insects, and in many occasions, work without protective equipment while wielding dangerous tools such as machetes and working in close proximity to harmful pesticides. (The story of child labor) In Colombia, there are approximately 2.5 million children that are forced to work to support their families. There are only 40 % of all children who attend to school the other 60 % leave school with a primary school completion. Most of these children work about nine ours each day, they don?t get benefits and their wages are miserably low. In the capital region of Guatemala, about five thousand children between the ages of 6 and 14 were found in secret and illegal workshops they were making fireworks and other explosives. These children were exposed to toxic, flammable, and explosive material. The workshop also didn?t have any hygiene and safety measures. This caused the death of nine children who were injured while working in the industry. Four children survived their injuries. (The story of child labor) Children in Bolivia work for the mining industry this is most found in theShow MoreRelatedThe Nature Of Child Labor1626 Words   |  7 Pagesthat â€Å"Globally there are 168 million child laborers, over half of which, 85 million, are in hazardous work conditions† (ILO). Child labor is not a new phenomenon by any means; it has been going on for years and has become a social issue. This paper aims to portray the nature of child labor in India. It looks at the definition of child labor, the prevalence, and factors that lead children to work. Definition Often time people assume that the meaning of child labor is clear-cut. However, there is littleRead MoreChild Labor1885 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Child labor† By Elie Bou Chaaya ENL 110 Section â€Å"D† Miss Zeina Fayyad 18, January, 2008 Outline: Thesis statement: Child labor nowadays is considered to be a social injustice due to its harmful effects on the personal and psychological life of the child where the kinds of work offered to the child increases the amount of these effects regarding the solutions. I. Harmful personal and physical effects of child labor A. Low pay B. Very long work hours C. Forbids childrenRead MoreThe Dilemma Of Childhood And Child Labor837 Words   |  4 PagesChildren in Need The dilemma of childhood and child labor are constantly being argued in overseas and domestic sociological literature. Anthropologists and Sociologists through the time have observed the history and the impact of social institutions on child labor. Professionals researching in the field of sociology of economics and labor by examining the incentive and value orientations of children and teenagers in the labor force, their principles and working conditions, and their outlook towardsRead MoreThe Issue Of Child Labor1196 Words   |  5 PagesThe issue of child labor has drawn significant attention since early 1990s as many labor union and special interest groups advocate banning import of goods produced by the child labor in developing countries and the international consensus in the form of Convention on the Right of the Child (CRC) which is widely ratified in 1989 by countries (Boyden, Ling and Myers, 1998). However, concern regarding child labor is not new and can be dated back to industrial revolution, especially late eighteenthRead MoreChild Labor And The United States2768 Words   |  12 Pages When one hears the term â€Å"Child Labor†, an image of children making low quality clothing in some dingy third world sweatshop inevitably comes to mind. While this imagery is unfortunately founded in fact, the third world is not the only area complicit with this heinous practice. Truthfully, we, as a nation are also guilty of propagating this heinous practice. For over a century, this nation’s youth were subjugated to exploitation and abuse at the hands of captains of industry in the hopes of extractingRead MoreChild Labor Industrialization Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pagesthat they should be protected. However, those people believed in a child s capacity to change the world in the future. While people in the past saw children as a way to change the world while they were children. In the late seventeenth century, industrialization arose in Englan d ushering in a new era of industry in our world. More industry means more workers, including children. With the rise of industrialization in a nation, child laborers are viciously abused due to their niche roles in productionRead MoreThe Effects Of Child Slavery And Child Labor On Chocolate Plantation1617 Words   |  7 PagesChild slavery and child labor on chocolate plantations is one of the world’s greatest concerns at the moment. Chocolate plantations are specifically mentioned because chocolate is such a large industry and many kids, particularly in tropical African countries, are affected by child labor. In Cà ´te d’Ivoire alone, around 15,000 children are slaves working on chocolate, or cacao, plantations. (american.edu) This problem is concerning because not only is it unethical, but child labor and, thereforeRead MoreChinas High Dependence On Child Labor1677 Words   |  7 PagesChild labor is a commonplace in China. Most of the children in China, familie s work income is dependent on their family’s survival. Child labor is a major issue throughout the global economy, especially in developing countries like China. Although, China has anti-child labor laws, many children in China are forced to work against their will. China is the home of many poor families and some of these families force their children to work because of their struggle with poverty and their lack of incomeRead MoreTaking a Look at Child Labor1957 Words   |  8 PagesThe term ‘child labor is used for employment below a certain age, which is considered illegal by law and customs. Children are the greatest gift to humanity and Childhood is an important and impressionable stage of human development as it holds the potential to the future development of any society. A young child has yet to develop a substantial set of life experiences to allow for mature choices and decisions. Children depend on the support of adults to get them through life to ensure an adequateRead MoreChild Labor During The 1800 S1285 Words   |  6 PagesZach Wood October 5, 2016 Child Labor 1880-1910 Child labor was very common in the late 1800’s and the early 1900’s in many places. Child labor usually took place in a factory working on a manufacturer line or doing as much physical labor as they could possibly do, being as young as they are. These kids who took part in child labor started some as early as the age of four or five, and then kept working until the day they died. Most of the time these kids has to work as much or sometimes

Mandatory Continuing Professional Development †Free Samples

Question: Should Registered Nurses Be Held Accountable For Their Own Practice? Answer: Introduction Registered Nurses (RNs) are fundamental in the delivery of care in a wide variety of settings. RNs deliver and coordinate patient care, patient education, provide advice and emotional support. This assignment aims to shows that registered nurses should be held accountable for their own practice. The paper will first define the key terms that will be used throughout to support this argument. Then the assignment will go on to discuss the accountabilities of RNs nurses based on the nursing standards for practice, authority regulations and the standards established by the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA). An RN is an individual, who has attained the required or prescribed education, exhibits proficiency to practice, and is registered under the Health Practitioner Regulation Nation Laws as a registered nurse in Australia. RNs undertake tertiary level degrees (Jacob, Sellick, McKenna, 2012). Accountability means that nurses are liable or answerable to the patients in their care, nursing regulatory authorities, their employer and the general public (Batti Steelman, 2014). For RNs, accountability cannot be delegated. Delegation is the professional relationship that prevails when a registered nurse delegates activities of their nursing practice to another health care professional such as student, nurse, enrolled nurse (EN) or a person who is in another discipline other than nursing. Delegation aims to meet clients needs and enable access to readily available care delivered by the right person (ANMF, 2015). Enrolled nurse (EN) is an individual who delivers nursing care with the direct or indirect supervision of an RN. This person has attained the required education level and exhibits proficiency to practice under the Health Practitioner Regulation Nation Laws as an enrolled nurse in Australia. EN is trained at vocational education level (Jacob, Sellick, McKenna, 2012). Documentation is written or electronically generated information that elucidated the condition of a patient or the type of care or service delivered to that patient. The client information is gotten through the nursing process (NMBA, 2015). Should registered nurses be held accountable for their own practice? As regulated health care providers, RNs should be accountable for their own practice. In Australia, RNs are left to practice unsupervised and do not deliver care for or on behalf of any other healthcare professionals (Australian Nursing Federation, 2011). This aspect differentiates RNs from other nurse practitioners who are often supervised when delivering care. An RN should directly or indirectly supervise enrolled nurses when they work in general practice. Indirect supervision occurs when the RNs can be easily contacted but are not involved in direct supervision of the ENs as they perform their duties (Daly, Speedy, Jackson, 2009). The RNs might be away from the care setting, but should be available for constant, direct communication with the ENs. The absence of proximity needs solid processes to be instituted for the direction, support and supervision of the activities of ENs. While ENs are responsible for their own action in practice, the RNs are accountable for their decisions made in practice. In a general practice setting, nurses offer multidisciplinary care. They collaborate with other health professionals to offer care with a focus on a positive outcome for all patients (Australian Nursing Federation, 2011). Accountability and responsibility are fundamental for RNs, but they are different aspects. Responsibility is the obligation to conduct tasks and roles applying sound professional judgment and being liable for all the decisions made in practice. (Kraak, Swinburn, Lawrence, 2014) RNs have greater responsibility due to the scope of their practice. Based on the standards of practice outlined by the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA), RNs are accountable professionally and legally for their own practice. Besides, RNs are accountable to their clients, the public and their regulatory body as well as supervisory authority. In legal accountability, RNs are liable for making sure they have suitable professional indemnity insurance (PII) (NMBA, 2017). Patients expect RNs to hold PII, which would help to address any risk in case there is corroborate the claim of professional negligence. RNs achieve accountability by having autonomy to practice. Autonomy is having the capacity to make decisions within the profession. It also entails having the right as well as the responsibility to perform according to the standards of nursing practice. RNs practice autonomy since they the ability to use critical skills in practice. Also, they have the knowledge and motivation to practice based on the institutional, legislative and personal factors. For effective accountability, RNs need continuous critical thinking and evaluation in the context of thoughtful sustenance and creation of constructive relationships. As such, RNs should continue to advance professionally and sustain their capacity for professional practice. RNs are liable to deliver safe and coordinate quality nursing practice. Their practice entails comprehensive analysis, designing of a plan, implementation and appraisal of outcomes. In their practice, RNs are accountable for the delegation and supervision of nursing roles to enrolled nurses (ENs) and other healthcare professionals (Lee, Goeman, Johnson, Thorn, Koch, Elliott, 2015). Thus, the primary accountabilities are supervision and delegation. Other kinds of accountability are referral and documentation of practice. An RN who delegates duties to another health professional such as ENs is accountable to their decision to delegate. Also, the RN is accountable for delegating the duties to the right person, moni toring the performance of the duties and assessing the outcomes. The delegation decision is made should be made by the RN and the person who will perform the delegated duties (ANMF, 2015). In the process of delegation, the RN should access the risks and capabilities. Competency evaluation and teaching might precede the delegation. The accountability of nurses to delegation is different from allocation or assignment of duties, which entails requesting another health care professional to care for a certain patient on the presumption that the needed activities for consumer care are usually within that individuals roles and scope of practice. RNs should understand that most of the similar elements concerning competence analysis and supervision that are pertinent to delegation also require being regarded in relation to assignment or allocation. The accountability for delegation for RNs is broad and requires observing various responsibilities. To sustain the required standards of care when delegating roles, RNs should embrace responsibility in various contexts. The first liability is teaching the person who will conduct the delegated role (Berman, et al., 2014). However, the role of teaching might be performed by another competent healthcare professional. Competence evaluation is a fundamental aspect of the accounta bility for delegation among the RNs. They should also offer assistance and support as well as clinically-focused supervision. These liabilities are aimed towards ensuring that the person to whom the delegation is being made recognises and understands their role and is ready to accept the delegation. After the delegated roles have been completed the RNs should evaluate the outcomes and reflect on practice. Another form of accountability for RNs occurs during referral. Often primary health care responsibilities are transferred to another more qualified health professional or health service provider. The RN is accountable for their decision to refer a patient to another health service provider. As a result, the RN might be required to continue offering professional help and services collaboratively in the process of referral (Australian College of Nursing, 2015). RNs have professional accountability for documentation. According to the professional standards, RNs should document timely and right reports of assessment, decisions about a patients condition, treatment and outcomes. Documentation is fundamental for RNs because it serves three main purposes; facilitates communication, enhances safe and right nursing care and meet legal and professional standards. Through documentation, RNs communicate to other health care professionals their nursing assessments, diagnosis and the treatment plan for a certain client (McKenzie Porter, 2007). When an RN documents the care they deliver, other health care professionals can review the documentation and make their own contributions to safe and right care. The documentation further offers medical data for workload management and research. Documentation shows that a nurse has applied nursing skills and knowledge as outlined by NMBA. Hence, documentation acts an evidence of legal proceedings and practice (S tevens Pickering, 2010). RNs are accountable to their employer. When seeking employment, the nurses are given a set of guidelines and principles that should govern their practice. They should adhere to these guidelines in all their practice. In case they breach the guidelines or exhibit negligence, the RNs would be accountable to their employer. RNs exhibit these accountabilities by following the nursing standards of practice. The standards of practices are classified into four domains including professional practice, critical thinking and appraisal, provision and coordination of care. Professional practice relates to ethical, legal and professional liabilities which require expression of a competence knowledge base, accountability for practice and practising according to legislation impacting nursing and health care. The professional practice also requires protection of personal and group rights. It can be thought as the observation of human rights and human dignity. There are several tenets of the professional practice which guide the practice of RNs. The nurses should observe the legislation governing their practice and fulfil the duty of care (ANMAC, 2013). Critical thinking and analysis is another theme that causes RNs to be accountable in their practice. RNs should conduct self-evaluation, be accountable for their professional development and exhibit the value of research and evidence for practice (Ross, Barr, Stevens, 2013). They should practice within an evidence-based framework. RNs are accountable for identifying the relevant research on enhancing individual or group health outcomes. In doing so, they should utilise the best available evidence, nursing knowledge and respect for values of their clients. The demonstration of analytical abilities in assessing health information and research evidence is required in offering care(Nurisng and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA), 2017) Each nurse should be involved in nursing research and participate in ongoing professional development. The third domain is the provision and coordination of care. Under this standard of practice, RNs coordinates, organise and provides nursing care that includes the analysis of personal or groups, designing and implementation and appraisal of care (Ehrlich, Kendall, John, 2013). The last domain that guides nursing practice in Australia is collaborative and therapeutic practice. In this theme, the nurses establish, sustain and conclude professional relations with individuals or groups. Additionally, this theme emphasises on the competencies that RNs should exhibit when offering care. The nurses should also understand the contributions of Interdisciplinary health care team (Edmonds, Cashin, Heartfield, 2016). The RNs in Australia are governed by multiple professional standards in their practice. Firstly, they should be practised according to the Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia. Secondly, nurses should adhere to the Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia. This standard is pertinent to all nurses in different levels in Australia. The purpose of the Code of Ethics is to determine the fundamental ethical standards and values that guide nursing profession. Also, it offers nurses a reference point from which to deliver professional care (Zahedi, et al., 2013). Thirdly, there is ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses which decide professional standards in Australia. Fourthly, professional nursing is governed by the NMBA Competency Standards for Registered Nurses. Finally, professional nursing is governed by the NMBA National Framework for the Development of Decision-Making Tools. There are, however, other standards that have been endorsed and published by the NMBA. RNs in Australia a re required to exhibit the understanding and application of these nursing standards in practice. Based on the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act 2010, a nurse can be punished for incompetence or negligence, which is a failure to exhibit accountability (Attorney-General's Department, 2014). Besides, failure to comply with the provisions of this Act can be viewed as lack of accountability. Conclusion This assignment has argued that RNs should be held accountable for their own practice since they do not offer care on behalf of any other healthcare professional. The RNs should be accountable to the patients, the public, their employer, and regulatory authorities. Specifically, the RNs are accountable for delegation of certain aspects of their nursing practice, referral of patients, and documentation. Also, they are liable for ongoing professional development, critical thinking and analysis and promotion of patient-centred practice. The RNs are accountable for their own practice because they are governed by nursing standards for practice. 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